Waa dagaalkii Beelaha Biimaal ay uga soo horjeedeen Gumeystihii Talyaaniga(Italian colonialists)
Dr. Saadiq Eenoow oo ah aqoonyahan qora taariikhda Soomaaliya kana sheekeeya ayaa carabka ku dhuftay in dagaaladii talyaaniga lala galay ay hormuud ka ahaayeen reerka la yiraahdo Biimaal oo uuna ku sheegay weliba in ay yihiin dad geesiyaal ah, Dr saadiq ayaa yiri waxaan la sheekeestay qoraaga weyn ee Aw-jaamac ayaa ii sheegay buu yiri in waagii dowlada leyga diiday in manhajka soomaliya lagu daro taariikhda Reerka Biimaal dagaaladii ay lagaleen gumeystihii Talyaaniga, iyadoo leygu xujeeyay buu yiri in aan lagu qori karin taariikhda qabiil iyo Dowlad dagaalamay anigana waan ka gaabsay buu yiri maxaa yeelay reerkaas kaliya ayaa la dagaalamay talyaaniga ayuu yiri Daawo muuqaal-ka taariikhda oo kooban.
W JAAMAC CUMAR CIISE: DHINBIIL DIB U NOOLAYSAY HALGANKII DARAAWIISHTA – Q.1aad
Mahad balaarani waxay u sugnaatay Allah abuuray koonka, taagayna cirka iyo dhulka tiir la’aan nabadgalyo iyo naxariisi dushiisa ha ahato Nabigiisa Muxammed.
Intaa kadib run ahaantii ahal uma ihi qoraalka, khibrad iyo waayo aragnoma igu filana uma haysto qoraalada caynkan oo kale ah hase ahaatee waxaa igu kalifay in aan fikradayda daciifka ah iyo aqoontayda yar aan ku biiriyo walaalaha kale ee aanan u dhuun daloolin taariikhda ama waaqica dhabta ah ee kajira Geeska Afrika gaar ahaan Somalia iyo loolanka soo jireenka ah ee ka dhexeeya muslimiinta geeska afrika(Somalia) iyo masiixiyad geeska Africa(Eithopia).
Si kastaba ha u noqotee loolankaasi wuxuu soo maray marxalado kala duwan, oo ay igu dambaysay marxalada uu marayo dalka iminka, hadaba arimahaa oo isbiirsaday iyo xaalada uu ku suganyahay dalkayga hooyo ayaa igu dhaliyay in aan wax ka qoro taariikhda cadaawadeed ee u dhaxaysa Somalia iyo Ethiopia ama siraaca diineed ee geeska afrika oo ay kala matalaan labadaa dal ee aanu soo xusnay.
Hadaba somalidu waxay ku maahmaahdaa geeridii laga sheegay galbeed gondahaada ka day, dad badan ayaan ku baraarugsanayn waxa uu salka ku hayo dagalka ka aloolsan gayiga geeska Africa oo aaminsan in uu yahay dagaal qabiil ama mid siyaasadeed balse ay hada u cadaatay waxa uu yahay dagaalku, kadib markii ay ku baraarugeen tankiyada xabashida oo dul abaabaya caasimadii Somalia.
Sidaa aawadeed waxaan halkan kusoo bandhigi doonaa bilowgii colaada Somalia iyo Ethiopia iyo heerarkii ay soo martay, run ahaantii mowducani waa mid ahmiyad gooni ah xambaarsan ahna mid aad u balaaran una baahan in lagu bixiyo wakhti dheer iyo mudaalaco, suurtagalna ma aha in lagusoo koobo qormo ama qormooyin ee waa mid u baahan in lagu qoro dawaawiin .
Hadaba maadama aysan suurtagal ahayn in lagu soo koobo mowduucan maqaal ama dhowr maqaal, waxaan doorbiday in uu noqdo mid taxana ah si ay uga bogtaan aqristayasha sharafta leh una helaan xaqiiqda dhab ah ee ka dambayso cadaawadaa.
Boqortooyadii Xabashida.
Boqortooyada Xabashidu waxay ahayd boqrtooyo weyn, xiriir wanagsana la lahayd. boqortooyadii Roomanka ee xakumi jirtay inta badan Europe, qaybo badan oo kamid ah Asia.
Waxaa hoos tagi jiray Xabashida dalka Yamen, waxyaalaha lagu xusuusta waxaa kamid ahaa weerarkii uu ku qaaday Abraha kacbatul musharaf uu Allaah ku sheegay quranka, kuna halaagay Abraha iyo wixii uu watay.
Hadaba markii lasoo saarayay Nabi Muhammad S.C.W. Dhulka xabashida waxaa xukumi jiray boqorkii Muslimay ee Najaashi. Sida aan wada ogsoonahay diinta Islaamku waxay soo gaartay Somalia hijaradii koowaad ee asxaabtu ay usoo haajireen dhulki la oranjiray dhulkii Xabishida , waxay kasoo dageen sida lasheego marsadii Zaylac ee Somaliyeed, tankale dhulkaa waxaa ku nolaa qowmiyado fara badan oo ay kamid tahay Somali,Sidaamo,Canfar,Amharo,Tigree,Oromo,Gaalo, Bani Shangul oo dhamaan ahaa dadkii daganaa dhulka Xabashida .
Qorayaasha reer galbeedku waxay ku andacoodaan in Ethiopia ay tahay Christianka geeska afrika, diinta Christinkuna ay gartay bilowgii soo saaris Jesus.
Hadaba su,aasha is weydiinta mudani waxay tahay Islaamka ka hor diimihii laga aaminsanaa dhulka Xabashida?
Adwer Olandrof wuxuu ku sheegay boogiisa layiraahdo “Ethiopians”( kala saaristii diinta iyo dowladnimada “ka hor fiditaankii diinta Christina, dadkii ku noolaa Ethiopia waxay u qaybsanaayeen kuwa aaminsan caqiidada mosame ama diintii mouse iyo kuwa caabuda arwaaxda (Holy Ghost), sidaa darted aad ayay ugu adkaatay diimihii islamka iyo christiankuba in ay si sahlan ugu faafeen, sidoo kale waxay dhibaata ka soo wajahday dadkii laadiiniga ahaa(cawaan)”.Wuxuu kale uu yiri ‘jiritaanka diimeed ee Xabashi wuxuu ahaa mid uu mugdi kujiro wixii ka horeeyay qarnigii 4aad ee miilaadiga, Ethiopia waxaa laga caabudi jiray jinka,geedaha,qoraxda iyo cirka).Dhanka kale waxaa lagu turjumay booka Injiilka luqadii tigreega qarnigii 5aad ee miilaadiga,kadib markii ay soo gaareen eithopia wufuud ka socotay kaniisadihii galbeedka kuwaas oo dhisay macaabid iyo meelo lagu faafiyo diinta masiixiga.
Dowladii Islamka Zaylac ee somaliyeed.
Ummadda Somaliyeed run ahaantii waxaa lagu fuliyay qaacidadii ama oraahdii uu yiri Hitler (Hadii aad doonaysid in aad dishid bulsho dil marka hore taariikhdooda) waxaad moodaa in hadalka uu saameeyay ummadda somaliyeed kadib markii ay soo wajaheen hagardoomooyin,dagaalo badan oo kaga imanayay gumaystihii iyo acdaadii islaamka kuwaas oo qariyay taariikhdii dhabta ahayd ,juqaraafigi iyo siyaasadi, waxayna soo saareen dhalin aanan garanayn dhaqankii,taariikhdii uu lahaa dalkoodii hooyo,garaadkooduna oo ku simanyahay taariikhdii uu qoray gumaystuhu qarnigii 20aad xiliyadii isticmaarka,waxaa layaab ah hadii aad ku tiraahdid mid kamid ah dhalintaa caasimada ethiopia ee addisababa waxaa laga xukumi jiray Zaylac ,ithopiana ma aynan lahayn ee waxay qabsatay xiligii boqorkii mililik ama minilik sanadkii 1893, ama aad ku tiraahdid waa qayb kamid ah dhulka somaliyeed ee ay eithopia gumaysato , wuxuu moodayaa dhalanteed halkadhalinta ithopia lagu ababiyo taariikhdana loogu dhigo in eithopia ay iska leedahay lagasoo bilaabo gacanka cadan ilaa suudaan oo aanay jirin wax Somali layiraahdo,hase yeeshe maanta waaba ka daroo dibi dhal ,oo waxaa yimid qaar sheeganaya siyaasiyiin ama mas,uuliyad oo kusoo hogaanshay dalkii cadowgii soo jireenka ahaa ee umada somaliyeed , si xishood la,an ah ugu hadaaqaya ,hadalada ku dhisan axmaqnimo oo oranaya waxaanu nahay dad walala ah,run ahaantii waa wax laga yaqyaqsado ,lakiin taariikhda ayaa xusi doonta ninkii baal dahaba kagalay halganka iyo kii calooshiis u shaqaysta ahaa, lakiin umad waliba waxay leedahay rag u istaago xuriyadeeda iyo jiritaankeda, somaliyana way joogaan wayna joogi doonan Allah idinkiis .
Hadaba u kaalay meelihii ay xukumi jirtay dowlada zaylac ee somaliyeed iyo imaaradaha hoos imaan jiray.
Imaaradii islamiga ahayd ee “Eifaat” waxay ahayd imaarat xakunto dhulka manta loo yaqaan Shaawa , waxayna dhacdaa woqooyiga addisababa 30km, ka hor inta aneey qabsan gumaystihii Amxaarada bilowgii qarnigii 17aad ee miilaadiga, kadib markii la jabiyay ciidamadii muslimiinta iyo geeridii geesigii weynaa Axmed ibraahim gureey,taa oo ka dhalatay markii ay weerer aad u xoog badan ku soo qaadeen macatab u dirirkii (salibiyiintii) naftood hurayaasha ahaa ee uu soo diray Pop Scander ee uu dambi dhaafka u balan qaaday ee kayimid Europe una hiilinayay Xabashida ,markii ay qabsadeen waxay tirtireen dhamaan ,raadadkii islaamka ,masaajidadii, macaahidii quran, ayagoo ku badalay kaniisado iyo macaabid ,sidoo kale waxay gumaaday dhamaan dadkii ku noolaal deegaankaa oo kaliya ay ka baxsadeen dad fara ku tiris ahaa ee u cararay magaalooyinka jaarka la ahaa imaaradaa, sida ay ku sameeyeen dhulkii Andale’s ama halka hada loo yaqaan spine iyo Portugal oo ay gabi ahaanba baa bi,iyeen raadad islaamka ee kajiray 10 qarni.
Marki ay la wareegeen imaaradaas waxay ka aas aaseen boqortooyada shaawa ee christianka ahayd waxay badaleen dhamaan magacyadii magaalooyinka iyo raadadkii ismaalmka.
2. Imaaradii Dawarow waxay dhacday woqooyiga Baali daanta wabiga, waa dhul beeraleey ah walina waxa dago dad Somali ah.
Saldanadii Araabiini ama alabiini labadaba waa lagu sheegay bookta taariikhda, hase ahaatee magaranayo halka ay dhacdo magaaladan lakiin waxaa la rumaysanyahay in ay magaalada abbo, waxayna iskugu jireen dad qodota ah iyo raacato.
Saldanadii Sharkha waxay dhacdaa saldanadaasi bariga abbo, dadka maglaada waa dad lagu sheegay dad culuma ah jecelna diinta Islamka.
Saldanadii Baali waa saldanadii ugu wayneed dowladii zaylac, waxay macruuf ku ahayd wax soo saarka sida suufka, bunka, dharka, waxayna ahayd dhul beeraleey ah, waxayna kamid tahay magaalooyinka cilmiga loo aado geeska afrika, waa magaalo fiqhi iyo luqada .
6. Saldanadii Daarow waxa lagu sheegaa in ay ahayd saladanadii ugu taagta darayd ee dowlada zaylac.
Saldanadii Caadil, saldanadaas kama hayo wax fahfaahin ah, bookta taariikhdu kaliya waxay xuseen magacaa kaliya lakiin waxay ahayd imaarad kamid ah zaylac.
Saldanadii HADYA waxay dhacdaa koofurta eiifaat waxana xukumi jiray suldaan kaanim oo la Oran jiray jaad, suldaankii ugu xooga badnaa wuxuu ahaa suldaankii ugu xooga badnaa ee soo mara imaaradaas,sida la sheego waxaa in ay dhacdo deeganka ay daganyihiin dadka gambeelaha iyo joodiile, dadkaas oo aha dad walaalo la ah somalida waxana lagu kala magacaaba aboow,waryaa,aykaa.
Saldanadaas waxaa ka soo baxay rag ay taariikhdu xustay geesinimadooda, dagaalyahano ah sida geeska weynaa ee u gargaaray diinta islaamka Jamaaluddin Mohammed sacduddin al zaylaci isagoo difaacay marki ay soo wareertay boqortooyadii tigreega jab lixaad lehna u gaystay ilaa uu dilay boqorkii isxaaq ee ahaa boqor kamid ah kuwii ugu waynaa.
Isku dhicii ugu horeye ee Islaamka iyo Christianka ee geeska Africa.
Sida aan lawada socono dagaalka u dhaxeeyay mujtamacadakii Islamka iyo christianku ee wakhtigaa ma uunan ahayn mid ku kooban dhul cayiman ee wuxuu ahaa dagaalka ku socday hab tartan ama loolan diineed si loo kasbado dadkii cawaanta ahaa ee ku noolaa dhulkaa. Islam wuxuu doonayay in dadkaa laga saaro mugdiga, jahliga iyo gaboodfalka loona daadihiyo cadaalad iyo sinaan,halka christianku uu doonayay adoonsiga ,tagri falka dhac,boob iyo in kan xooga lihi uu qaato kan taagta daran xaqiisa, xeerkoodu wuxuu ahaa kan duur joogta .
Hadaba dadkii cawaanta ahaa ayaa la dhacay cadaalada iyo wanaagii ay xambaarsaneyd risaaladii islaamka dabadeedna isu badal Muslimiin taas oo caro galisay christiankii, dabadeedna waxaa bilowday dagaal military iyo mid siyaasadeed oo u dhaxeeya labadii awoodood oo ay kala hogaaminayeen Imaaradihii islamka ee Zaylac, harar, shaawa, eyfat (Adissababa) ee dhulka somaliyeed iyo boqrtooyadii christianka ahayd ee Axmaara ee katalin jirtay buuraha sare ee dhulka eithopia.
Dagaalkaa wuxuu si toos ah u bilowday kadib markii ay burburtay dowladii Aksomia ee tigreega ahayd, taa waxay keentay dhalashadii imaaradi Amxaaro ee dhulka buuraha sare ee eithopia, taas oo markii dambo ku fiday ilaa dhulka tigreega, taana waxay sababtay in ay is dhaxgaleen dhaqamadii, luqadahii amxaari iyo tigreega ilaa markii dambe laga qoray buug kulminaya luqadahaa laguna magaacabay( jacaz) taas oo noqotay luqada cusub ee dowladaa, markaas ayay bilaabeen qolooyinka faafinayay masiixiyada in ay ku fidiyaan qowmiyadaha kale ee cawaanta ahaa iyo in ay ka hortagaan horomarkii iyo faafidii diinta Islaamka ee Ethiopia.
Qaybtii 2aad (Taariikhda colaadeed ee soo jireenka ah ee Somalia iyo Ethiopia.)
Sida aan ku soo xusnay qoromadeenii hore loolankii u dhxeeyay labadii quwadood oo ay kala matalaan dowladii somaliueed ee zaylac iyo boqortooyadii xabashida (amhaara iyo tigree), wuxuu ku bilowday isku dhac diineed, taas oo keentay in uu noqdo dagaal balaaran oo dhinacya badan taabanaya.
Hadaba isku dhacyadaa waxaa sababay arima badan oo ay kamid tahay kala duwnaashiyihii xadaarada iyo diinta, maxa yeelay dadkii muslimiinta ahaa ee ku noolaa geeska Africa iyo dhulkii laga xukumi jiray zaylac, waxay ahayeen dad haysta ilbaxnimo islaami ah oo ku dhisan cadaalad, sinaan,xuriyad iyo dhaqama aad u wanaagsan, halka ay ahayeen dadkii ku hoos jiray boqortooyadii xabashida, dad cawaan ah dulman, oo kujiray adoonsi, waxay sheegaan dadka wax ka qoro taariikhda Africa, in adoonta ugu badan ee lagu kala iibsanjiray suuqyadii caalaamka wixii ka horeeyay qarnigii 7aad ay ahaayeen dadkii hoos imaanjiray xukunkii boqortooyada xabashida.hadaba qoromadan waxaan uga hadli doona isbarbardhig labadii xadaradood iyo wixii laga qoray.
Isbarbardhigidii heererkii ilbaxnimo ee dowladii Islamic ee Zayla iyo boqortooyadii xabashida.
Mudo aad u fog ayay Xamiitiggi Geeska Africa (Somali, Oromo, Sidaamo iyo Cafar) iyo xeebaha Afrikada Bari xiriir ganacsi la lahayeen khooriga Persia, Koofurta dalka Carbeed, India, Indonesia iyo Chine oo raadreebya badan laga helay.
Inbu batuuta oo sahan ku maray zaylac sanadki “1331’ miilaadiga, kitaabiisa “Alcajaaib al-asfaar”ku sheegay “Waa magaalo madaxda barbariga (Somali) oo dadka Dagan ay Muslim yihiin, xoolohooduna yihiin geel iyo ari waana magaalo saylad balaaran leh oo qiima leh” saidoo kale wuxuu socodkiisaa ku tagay muqdisho isagoo la kulmay boqorkii saldanadii muqdisho Abu shawaar Sheikh Abuubakar Cumar Hiloowle,isgoo ku sheegay dadkii daganaa halkaas dad ilbax ah xadaarad wanaagsana leh,wuxuuna sultankii ku tilmaamay in uu ahaa imam caadil ah dadkiisuna ay aad u jecelyihiin.
Hadii aan ku samayno isbarbardhig labadii xadaaradood waxa inoo cadaanaya in ay ahaayeenn kaaf iyo kala dheeri, maxaa yeelay dadkii muslimiinta ahaa ee ku noolaa Zaylac iyo dhamamn geeska Africa waxay ahayd noloshoodu mid aad u sareysa,hadii ay ahaan lahayd xaga Handasada sidii ay u dhisan jireen guryaha,xaga ganacsiga,waxbarashada iyo caafimaadka .
Waxaa taa kuu cadaynaya hadii aad dheehatid magaalooyinki waa weynaa ee somaliyeed sida Zaylac oo ahayd caasimadii dowladii zaylac,harar oo hoos imaanjirtay Zaylac,Muqdisho,Baraawe,Barbara,Marka iyo Cadil.waxay ahaayeen magaalooyinka ugu waaweyna geeska Africa .
Waxay ku tilmaameen qorayaashii iyo dhulmareenadii muslimiinta ahaa nolasha dadkii ku noolaa magaalooyinkaas iyo xukaamtoodiba nolol aad u sareysa.
Hadda u kaalay Ibnu Fadlu-llaah Al-cumari, Al-qalashqaandi, Almaqriizi, Al-idriisi, Al-yacquubi iyo Ibnu-Batuuta “oo ka sheekaynaya magaalooyinka somaliyeed iyo dakii ku noolaa,waxay sheegeen in ay ahayeen magaalooyin aqooneed oo inta badan aad looga ixtiraamo dadka cilmiga leh gaar ahaan culumada, sidoo kale waxay caan ku ahaayeen qudaat(Judges), dhanka boqorada waxay ku sheegeen in boqorku, uu ku fariisanjiray korsi aad u sareeya oo ka samaysan bir lagu xardhay dahab iyo qalin,halka ay umarada kale fariisanjirtay hareeraha boqorka ,sidoo kale waxay tilmameen labiskii ay qaadan jireen boqoradaa oo ay ku tilaamen in uu xiranjiryay boqorku Taaj aad u quruxbadan laguna naash naashay xariir taas aad u quruxbadan, halka madaxda kale ay xiranjireen dhar suuf ka samaysan oo lagu xardhay xariir,halka dadka kale ee shacabka ah ay xiranjireen dhar ka samaysan suuf aad u quruxbadan.
Sidoo kale waxay sheegeen taariikhyahandaasi sicirkii cuntada lagu kala iibsanbjiray suuqayada magaalooyinka Islamic ah waxay sheegeen in 3o rodol ee hilibka ah la siisanjiray 2dirham, waxaa kale oo magaalooyinka wax lagu kala iibsanjiray dahabka iyo qalinka”.
Dhanka kale dhalintii reer Zaylac waxay wax barsho u aadi jireen magaalooyink cilmiga sida Maka,Madiina,Qaahira,Dimishqi iyo Yemen ayagoo ka baranjiray Fiqhi, Xadiis,luqada iyo culuumta kala duwan,sidoo kale waxaad arkaysaa in wadamadaa aanu soo xusnay ay meelo gooni ah ay u cayimi jireen ardada ka timaada zaylac ama dhamaan dhulkii xeebaha ee somaliyeed. Syria tusaale ahan waxaa jiray qasri wayn oo lagu saacidi jiray dadkii ka imanajiray Sudan iyo Zaylac,halka Qaahira azhar ay u cayintay meel la dajiyo ardadii ka imaan jirtay Zaylac waxaana lagu magaacaabi jiray uruqatu Zayaalica.
Waxaa intaa dheer Zaylac waxaa ka soo baxay culumo aad u waawyn oo manta kutubtoodu ay marjac u yihiin fiqhiga iyo xatiithka sida:
Cabdullah Ibnu yuusuf Ibnu Mohammad Al Zaylaci, wuxuu iska leeyahay kutub layiraahdo “Nasbu-rraayah Li- axaadiith al hidaayah” wuxuuna ahaa xanafi, kitaabkaasi wuxuu ka mid yahay kutubada la ictimaado xaga axnaafta ama dhamaan kutubada xadiithka, sidoo kale ardaydii shikha waxa kamid ahaa Ibnu xajar- al casqalaani oo ah shaarixa kutubka layiraahdo “Fatxul baari”.
Wuxuu dhintay shiikhu sanadkii762 hijriga.
Fakhruddin Cusman Ibnu Cali Al-Zaylaci. Kutubtiisa waxa kamid ah, kitaabka layiraahdo “Tabyiinul xaqaa-iq fii-sharxi Kanzu al- Daqaaiq”, waa kitaab aad u qiima badan oo fiqhi ah.
Carab Faqiih, waa qoraagii Imaam Axmed gureey wuxuu qoray kutubka la yiraahdo “Futuux Al-xabasha” waa booga kaliya ee loogu noqdo taariikhdii muslimiintii zaylac iyo dagaaladii ay lagaleen christiankii xabashida iyo Portugal.
Waxaa halkan inooga cadaaday in dadka somaliyeed ay yihiiin dad soo jireen ah oo leh taariikh aad u fog.
Carabtu waxay xeebaha Afrikada Bari ay aqoon u laheyd tan iyo waayo fog waxayna aad wax uga qortay heerka ganacsiga ee magaalooyinka xeebaha iyo dadkii deggenaa dhaqankiisi.
Waxaa xusid mudan ineey carabtii qarniyadii dhexe ee miilaadiga wax ka qortay dalka Somalia waxayna u taqiin dalkii beberigaa ama barri-alcajam walina waagaa sooma ifbixin magaca Somalia.
Qoryaashi Islaamka ee wax ka qoray dhulka somaliyeed iyo guud ahaanba Geeska Afrika waxaa kamid ahaa: Alyacquubi, Ibnu idriis, Yaaqu al xamawi, Ibnu batuuta, Ibnu khalduun, Ibnu saciid, iyo qaar kale oo aad u badan wallow aynan somalidu wax tixraac ah ku samayn.
Hadaba ilbaxnimadii xabashida oo aad u hooseysay markii aad dheehatid nolashii ay ku noolaayeen xabashidu, waxay kor isii kicisay colaadii iyo dagaalkii u dhaxeeyay iyaga iyo muslimiintii Zaylac.
Waxaa dabka ku sii shiday colaada mustawihii ay maraysay xadaaradii dowladii zaylac dhanka maadiga iyo dhanka moralka intaba, iyadoo ilbaxnimadii dowladii zaylac ay ahayd mid la hana qaaday horamarkii barigaa ay ku tilaabsadeen wadamadii muslimiinta ah sida Iraq, Syrian, Magolis iyo Xijaaz,ayadoo zaylac iyo muqdisho ay noqdeen labada magalo ee ugu saraysa xaga ganacsiga ee Geeska Africa .
Hadaba waxaa inoo cadaynayaa xadaaradii xabashidu heerka ay maraysay, qoraaga weyn ee Almaqriizi oo isagu sahan ku maray boqortooyada xabashida iyo waxii uu ka qoray.
Wuxuu ku sheegay Kitaabkisa “Al-ilmaam” Xabashidu waxay daganaayeen guryo laga sameeyay coosh, harna looga dhigay soda ama maqaarka lo,da,waxayna ku cunayeen hilibka lo,da qayriin, isagoo hadalkiisa sii wato ayuu yiri , wuxuu ii sheegay ruux arkay Sayf orcad “wuxuu ahaa mid kamid boqoradii xabashida wuxuuna kamid ahaa usradii Sulaymaniinta ahayd ee xukumi jirtay xabashida, wuxuu xukumayay 1382 ilaa 1411 miilaadiga” in uu arkay isagoo cunaya hilib qayriin ah oo laga soo jaray neef nool oo lo, ah , sidoo kale wuxuu yiri waxaan indhahayga saaray nin cunaya digaagad nool oo qaylinayso”, kafiiri bage 2,3 ee kitaabkaas.
Waxaa taageeraya tilmaaha uu sheegay maqriizi taariikh yahano booqday isaga kadib, ha ahaadeen Muslimiin ama Christian ajaanib ah.
Xiimi oo booqday bartamihii qarnigii 11aad ee hijriga ama qarnigii 17aad ee miiladiga, wuxuu ku sheegay kitaabkiisa “Siiratul xabasha, bage 99″ isagoo tilmaamaya qalcadii uu ku noolaa boqorkii xabashida wuxuu yiri dhamaan guryaha boqortooyadaasi waxay ahaayeen acshaab ama ulo, laga soo jaray dhirta”.
Xiimi kadib, waxaa yimid dhulmareenkii Scottish ahaa James biros oo booqosho ku tagay xabashida sanadki 1183 hijriga ama1769 miilaadiga, wuxuu ku noolaa 3sano, isagoo ku xanuunsaaday, kadib markii uu la qabsan wayay dhaqamadii xabashida, wuxuuna tilmaamay sida ay xabashidu, u malafsanjireen hilibka qayriinka ah gaar ahaan hilibkii lo, da, waxayna dhaayihiisu soo arkeen sida ay hilibka uga siibi jireen jirka neefka lo,da oo nool,dabadeedna ay u cuni jireeneen sidii dugaagi.
Sidoo kale waxa tilaamay arintaa Saadaq baasha Alcadami kadib markii uu booqday isna dhulkii xabashida ee buuraha sare qarnigii tagay.
Hadaba waxaa inoo cadaatay sugnaashiyaha hadalkii uu soo tabiyay Almaqriizi afar qarni kadib.
Dowlada xabashidu maynan ahayn kaliya mid ku liidato xaga nolasha ee waxay aad uga hooseysay dhanka maamulka, dhaqaalaha, dagaalka, dowladihii dariska la ahaa gaar ahaan dowladii zaylac.
Hadaba eeg Almaqriizii oo markale tilmaamaya qarnigii 9aad ee hijrada ama qarnigi 15aad ee miiladiga, wuxuuna yiri “waxay ahayd saldanadii Isxaq daawuud,taas oo maqriizi ay isku wakhti ahaayeen iyo boqrtooyadii Abihii hamajiyiin (juhalo) anan waxba qorin waxna akhrin,wuxuu yiri ma ayna lahayn wax diiwaan,tartiib iyo qanuun intaba .
Guntii iyo gunaanadki, akhristoow hadii somaalidii barigaa ay xabashidii ku khasbeen in ay hilibka qayrinka ah cunaan ama digaagadaha nool ay dufta ku liqaan baqdin ay ka qabeen, in Axmed gureey iyo colkiisi galaaftaan, kuna khasbeen in ay buuraha miciin bidaan, kana zuuliyeen in ay jadiinka mariyaan wax bisil.
Hadaba hadii aad gacanta u gashid caruurtii aabayaashood sidaa loo galay, laguna soo barbaariyay cadowtooyada somaliyeed ama aad isu dhiibtid? maxaad ka filan kartaa? Waxaan u malaynayaa in su, aashaas jawaabteeda cidna gibil ka saarnayn, mirihii kadhashay cadow lasoo dhawaystana, in ay maantaba soo ifbaxeen walina aneey faanoole fari ka qodneeyn. Waxaa intaa dheer ninka aaminsan in ethopia ay ka shaqaynayso maslaxad umada somaliyeed wuxuu lamidyahay Nin abeeso farqaha ku wato.
Horay ayaa loo yiri “Axdi malaha ethopia lagu aaminaaye waa abris iyo abees afka kala hayoo ubad iyo caruur oday iyo haween waxii uu arkaba alamsiinayoo, anaguna hadii aan nahay Islam aayeheenu waa umadyahay midnimo, arligana angaa iskaleh ethiopiana ma ogolin”.
Hase yeeshee waxaa jira rag talo ku gooyay geddina isku raacay in ay geeri iyo nolo ka xigaan gumaysiga, marka Allah waxaan uga rajaynayaa in uu guuleeyo.
TIXRAAC (references).
1. “Wathaaiq cani somal, xabasha, irateria” waxaa qoray Axmed barkhad maaxi”waa qoraa somaliyeed.
2.Alcilaaqatu-siyaasiya bayna muslimi al-zaylac wannasaara al xabasha”.Dr Rjab Mohamed cabdul-xaliim.
3.The Ethiopian, an introduction to country and people” waxaa qoray Ulenderdorff (Edward).
4. “Futuuxul xabasha” Carab faqiih.
5. “Tuxfatunnadaar fii qaraaib al amsaar” Ibnu batuuta.
6. “A somaal wadanan washacban.” Mohamed cabdul muncim.
7. “Duwal fii sharqi ifriiqiya (Somali, harar)”Dr.maxamed muctasim.
8. “Tuxfatul awfiya limasiirati altaxriir, waltacriib liqarni al-ifriqiya”.waxaa qoray Ibraahin Abdullah Mohamed, waa qoraa Somali ah.
9. “Alnizaac al Somali wal itoobia” waxa qoray Cali axmed nur.
10″Al-somaal alkabiir” waxaa qoray Dr.raashid baraawi.
11. “Al-somaal qadiiman wa xadiisan”.waxaa qoray Xamdi sayid saalim.
12. “Islam wal xabasha cabra taariikh”.Almuhandis fatxi qayth.
—————
FG.waxaan ka cudurdaaranaya in maqaalkaygii hore anan soo raacin wax tixraac ah, hadaba aqristaasha sharafta leh waxaan u sheegayaa in masaadirtii hore iyo kuwii dambe intaba an ugu soo gudbiyay halkan, sidoo kale waxaan u mahadcelinaya dhamaan intii igu biirisay talo iyo tusaale,walina kama maarmo talada akhristayaasha,hadaba lasoco
qoromada dambe.
Qore Zakaria Ismail Haji nur.
Pakistan—Islamabad.
Email: zakarie_21@hotmail.com
1898dii ilaa 1910 ayaa Sayidku dadka wuxuu ku waday waano iyo waxsiin si loo helo israac iyo wadajir, gaalana meel looga soo wada jeesto. Inkastoo xaruntii dad badani raacay xoogna ay yeelatay haddana dadkii daraash ku maageerraa aflagaado iyo adyad bey ka deyn waayeen iyo iney gaalada garab iyo gaashaanba u noqdaan.
Markaa Daraawiish waxay la ahaatay haddii waanadii iyo wanaagii la diiday in waran caaradii lagu dayo. Isagoo Sayidku Daraawiish gubaabinaya, wixii loo geystena faalo ka bixinaya dabadiisii la laayeyna gocanaya, waxay ka fali doonnaan tusaalaynaya, meelaha in nabarro loo gesto ku haboonaanna timaamaya wuxuu tiriyay gabaygan soo socda magiciisana la yiraahdo “Gudban” Daraawiishise wexey u tiqiinay “Gaalo lagad”
A – Gudban waxaa loogu bixiyay Saydkoo isu mariyay bari iyo galbeed.
B-Gaala-lagad waxaa loogu bixiyay niman aqooni Daraawiish ahyn, wuxuuna gabaygani ka mid yahay gabayada geyiga oo dhan ku faafy.
Sayidku wuxuu in badan isku dayey inuu Soomaali oo dhan kasbado oo si uu ku kasbadaba uu ku guulaysto inay dhinac uga soo wada jeedsadaan gumaysiga. Gabay ammaan ah, mid guubaabo ah, mid goodi ah iyo mararka qaarkood mid wax ka sheeg ah ayuu ku dayey. Mar wuxuu ku dayey diin iyo wacdi iyo jeclaysiin uu isleeyahay diinta jeclaysii, cabsida iyo cibaadada Eebbena ku dhalaali.
Marar kale wuxuu isku dayey wax siin uu maal badan dhinac walba u diray isagoo qof kasta oo magac ama maamuus leh farqaha u buuxiyey. Intaas oo dhan markii waxba Alle ka aabayn waayey, waxay Sayidka iyo Daraawiishba la ahaatay in bal ay xeelad kale ku dayaan.
Iyagoo diinta cuskanaya ayey waxay goosteen in dadku labo midkood yahay. In jihaadka taageersan oo Daraawiishta la jirta iyo in gumaysiga taageersan oo Daraawiish kasoo horjeeda. Mar haddaan gumaysiga la jahaadayno ninkii noo soo raaca ama si uun u kaalmeeya waa noola mid ayey ku qanceen.
Mar haddii ay sidaa is tuseen waxay noqotay inay Soomaali badan coloobaan, qof Alla qofkii gaalka usoo raacana ay sida gaalka ula xarbiyaan.
Haddaba Sayidku isagoo isku daraya taariikh hore iyo sifayn xumo badan oo Daraawiish iyo Soomaali idilkeedba lagu falay, xusid nin karmeed badan oo Daraawiish laga makalay iyo sida ay Daraawiishi arimahaa uga gilgilan doonto ayuu wuxuu tiriyey gabaygan hoose. Gudban ayaa loo yaqaan gabayga, dadka qaarkiina Gaalolegad ayuu ugu yeedhaa. Waxaa la sheegay in Daraawiish oo dhammi xafidsanayd gabaygan. Wuxuu yidhi Sayidku:
Awal maanso waataan gudboo, gudhiyey waayaaye
Waataan galbeedkaas u diray, guga hortiisiiye
Aan gasheeyo tii xalay hurdada, gama’a ii diiday
Galladaha Illaahay ka badan, geedahaas baxaye
Guushuu inoo yeelay baan, idin garwaaqsiine
Guddiyey i maqal waxaa tihiin, gacaladaydiiye
Sidii garowhadhuudh baan kurtiis, guran Ogaadeene
Galaamaha haddii aanan ka deyn, goor walbaba jooga
Inshaa Allaahu way gudhahayaan, sida gal miireede
Gurraasiyo Iljeex waa la qaban, gooshka haatana e
Malahayga waa lagu galgalan, gaanka Reer Dalale
Gaas baa ku caran Reer Subeer, goborra weyntiiye
Kolaan Goora Cobolleey ka dayo, amase Geel-loo-kor
Huwan waa ka gabangaabsadaye, gelin ma waayaaye
Haaruun xaggee baa la geyn, Goha miyuu dhaafi
Afartaa gudbaye balaan mid kale, soo gadaal celiyo
Sidii goray garraar sare ka baxay, garabka maan taago
Waxa guudka iga fuushan iyo, galayax maan muujo
Land grab (and associated water appropriation), Oxfam states, occurs when “governments, banks or private investors buy up huge plots of land to make equally huge profits”.
Since 2008 such speculation has vastly expanded. In 2009 alone the Oakland Institute recorded that “foreign investors acquired 60 million ha of land [worldwide] – the size of France – through purchases or leases of land for commercial farming”, up from an annual average of 4m ha prior to 2008. Three quarters of all land deals take place in sub-Saharan Africa, in some of the most food-insecure, economically vulnerable, politically repressive countries in the world – precisely, some say, because of such advantageous commercial factors.
In Ethiopia, land sales are occurring in six key areas: Oromia and Gambella in the south, and in Amhara, Beneshangul, Gumuz, the Sidaama zone and the Lower Omo Valley – an area of outstanding natural beauty with acclaimed world heritage status. According to Genocide Watch, the Ethiopian government’s conduct in Omo and Oromia has “already reached Stage 7 [of 8 in] genocidal massacres”. This is not only shocking, but also casts shame upon the Ethiopian government and the slumbering donor nations who are well aware of the cruel methods, which violate a plethora of human rights laws, employed by the ruling Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) – a regime whose loyalties, it seems, rest firmly with investors, corporations and multinationals and which cares little for the people living upon the land or, indeed, in the cities.
Forced from home
Conditional within land lease agreements is the requirement that the government will clear the area of “encumbrances”, meaning indigenous people – families, children, pastoralists, cattle, wildlife, forests, anything that will interfere with the leveling of the land, building of (foreign) workers’ accommodation, roads and the eventual sowing of crops.
The national three-year villagization programme, initiated in 1985, aims to move 1.5 million people from their ancestral homes, over four states, into large settlements. The process is well under way, according to the human rights organization Cultural Survival. It says: “by February 1987, 5.7 million people (15 per cent of the rural population) had been moved into 11,000 new villages. By the end of this year [2010], 10 million rural inhabitants (25 per cent of the population) are expected to be villagized in 12 of Ethiopia’s 13 provinces.”
Government propaganda justifying the policy states these new village centres will “facilitate the provision of human social services by concentrating scattered homesteaders into central communities”, and facilitate “agrarian socialism”. Hence the leasing of mega chunks of land to multinational corporations, without the participation of local people, whose land is being taken from them: a totalitarian version of socialism.
Contrary to federal and international law, which requires the free, informed and prior consent of the people, this mass movement is being carried out without consultation or compensation, no matter the official claims to the contrary.
In August 2012 Human Rights Watch reported that “Villagers who have been unwilling to move, or who refuse to mobilize others to do so, have been arrested and mistreated by the soldiers”. Once forcibly emptied, villages are destroyed and cattle killed or confiscated by government troops, the Oakland Institute reports. Along with pastoralists, who number around 300,000 in Gambella alone, villagers are forcibly herded into villagization camps. And these, despite government promises to “provide basic resources and infrastructure”, have inadequate food, agricultural support and health and education facilities”.
Resistance to moving is met with abuse and violence. Human Rights Watch detailed report Waiting Here for Death, found that in Gambella, where the government plans to “relocate” 225,000 people,
soldiers frequently beat or arrested individuals who questioned the motives of the programme or refuse to move to the new villages [villagizations]. Community leaders and young men are targeted [scores are arrested without due process]. There have also been credible allegations of rape and sexual assault by government soldiers. Fear and intimidation was widespread.
In a disturbing account of life within and without the villagization centres, the Oakland Institute discovered, most disturbingly, that pastoralists, whose lifestyle and nature is to wander, if “encountered [by the military] outside of villages are told to relocate to the villages immediately”. Such restrictions conjure images of prison life rather than a peaceful, communal village, and contradict the government’s message of willing relocation, good community relations, participation and social harmony.
Culture of fear
Such abuse is not limited to Gambella – in the Lower Omo region, where huge, state-owned sugar plantations and the massive Gibe III Dam project are being developed, dissenting voices are, Oakland Institute reports, subjected to “beatings, abuse and general intimidation”, in addition to extra-judicial prison sentencing.
Fear and intimidation are endemic, not just in areas associated with land sales, but throughout the country; suppression is common and freedom of expression greatly restricted. The media – TV, radio, the press as well as print companies, are state-owned, so too is the sole telecommunication company, restricting access to the internet, which is monitored. The judiciary is simply an extension of government, lacking credible independence, and the political opposition is marginalized and completely ineffective. International media are frowned upon and, in some areas (e.g. Ogaden) completely banned, such are the paranoid actions of the ruling EPRDF which, it would seem, has much to hide.
Resentment and anger simmers among many displaced and oppressed villagers. In April 2012 a group of men attacked the Saudi Star compound in Gambella and killed four employees. The men were quickly labelled “rebels” and a military manhunt was instigated.
Although criminal act should be treated as such and the perpetrators brought to justice, government forces reacted with unwarranted unjustifiable violence and aggression to innocent civilians. According to Human Rights Watch, “Ethiopian soldiers went house to house… arbitrarily arresting and beating young men and raping female relatives of suspects”. Any excuse, it seems, to unleash state violence, perpetrated by a regime that mistrusts even it’s own people.
After the attack on Saudi Star, a company that has leased some 10,000 ha of prime Gambella land, the Ethiopian military accused four Anuak guards on duty at the time of involvement in the attack and carried out extra-judicial killings (i.e. murder) on them all. Local villagers alleged they were tortured, and women and girls raped either in their homes or in detention.
By any reasonable reading, these illegal acts by the Ethiopian state fit the US military’s definition of terrorism, namely, “the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological”.
Myth of development
The government proclaims that land sales are part of a strategic, long-term approach to agricultural reform and economic development, that foreign investment will fund infrastructure projects, create employment opportunities, help to eradicate hunger and poverty, and benefit the community, local and national.
The term development is itself an interesting one: distorted, linked and commonly limited almost exclusively to economic targets, meaning growth of GDP, established principally by the World Bank, whose policies and practices in relation to land sales, the Oakland Institute claims, “have glossed over critical issues such as human rights, food security and human dignity for local populations”. Meanwhile, the World Bank “philanthropic” sister, the International Monetary Fund, imposes a market fundamentalism that promotes models of development seeking to fulfil corporate interests above all else.
Defined in such limited ways, Ethiopia, having somehow achieved impressive GDP growth figures since 2004 (with a dizzy 9.8 per cent average similar to that of India), would seem to be in the premiership of development. Inflation, though, sits at 30 per cent and, while unemployment in urban areas has dropped to around 20 per cent, over a quarter of young people aged 18-24 remain out of work. High unemployment in urban areas means young women are often forced into commercial sex work or domestic servitude.
Statistics compiled by the United Nations Development Programme provide a broader, less GDP-rosy picture of the country. They place Ethiopia 174th (from 187 nations) on the Human Development Index, with average life expectancy of 59 years and 40 per cent of people living in poverty (on less than 1.25 US dollars a day). The 2012 Global Hunger Index makes Ethiopia the fifth hungriest country in the world, with between 12 and 15 million people a year relying on food aid to keep them alive. What growth there is benefits the rich, privileged minority.
There is a growing divide between the 99.9 per cent and the small number of wealthy Ethiopians who, coincidentally, are mainly members of the ruling party, particularly the tiny Tigrayan minority community to which former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi belonged.
“Protect, Respect and Remedy”
According to the Oakland Institute, those laying claim to the all-inclusive healing powers of agriculture and agro-industrial projects contradict “the basic facts and evidence showing growing impoverishment experienced on the ground”. What about the promised bumper benefits, particularly the numerous employment opportunities? It turns out industrialized farming is highly mechanized and offers few jobs, and the overseas companies that run it bring the workers they need, and are allowed to do so by the Ethiopian government, which places no constraints on their operations.
Such shameful indifference contravenes the letter and spirit of the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. Endorsed by the UN Human Rights Council on 16 June 2011, its principles “provide an authoritative global standard for preventing and addressing the risk of adverse impacts on human rights linked to business activity”. Corporations have a duty under the framework to “prevent or mitigate adverse human rights impacts that are directly linked to their operations … even if they have not contributed to their impacts”. Although not legally enforceable, these principles of decency offer recourse to human rights organizations and community groups, and should be morally binding for multinationals whose profit-driven activities in Ethiopia, facilitated by a brutal regime that ignores fundamental human rights, are causing intense suffering to hundreds of thousands of indigenous people.
Markii Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan uu kusoo noqday Berbera isagoo xajkii ka yimid sanadku markuu ahaa 1895kii wuxuu tagay miyiga Berbera wuxuuna faafin jiray diinta Islaamka isagoo umadda uga digi jiray inay is dhacaan iskuna duulaan. Wuxuuna heshiis ka dhex beeri jiray beelaha wada degan haddii ay isqoonsadaan. Sidaa awgeed, Ingiriisku wuxuu Sayidka u arkayey ugu horraynba inuu ahaa nin laga dambeeyo oo awood u leh inuu xasiloonaan ka dhex dhaliyo qabaa’ilka Soomaaliyeed. Kuxigeenkii qunsulkii Ingiriiska Berbera u fadhiyey waxa uu xidhiidh joogta ah la lahaa Sayid Maxamed, haddii qas dhaco oo miyiga ka dhacana waa lala socodsiin jiray waxaana laga codsan jiray inuu wax ka qabto.
Ingiriisku waa ogaa in Sayid Maxamed lee yahay xer badan hase yeeshee marnaba kama cabsanaynin odoroskana kumana jirin halgan gobonimodoon ah oo ka bilowdo gayiga Soomaaliyeed. 1899kii waxaa laysa dhex mushaaxay magaalada Berbera Ingiriiskiina soo gaadhay in Sayid Maxamed uu uruursanayo rag iyo saanad si uu ugu duulo una qabsado degmooyinka Koonfur Bari. Dawlada Ingiriisku waxay ku dhaqaaqday inay arintaa isku taxalujiso si ay u ogaato runtu waxay tahay, hase ahaatee Ingiriiska uma suuragalin inuu si sahal ah ku ogaado Sayidka iyo akhbaartiisa waayo dadkii Soomaliyeed ee reerguuraga ahaa baa diiday inay Ingiriiska u xogwaramaan markii la waraystay.
April 12, 1899kii qunsulkii sarre ee Ingiriiska Gaashaanle Sare J. Hayes Dawson* waxaa soo gaadhay warar sheegaya in Sayid Maxamed madax ka yahay ciidamo hubaysan oo tiradoodu gaadhayso 3000 uuna tabaabusho ugu jiro duulimaad ba’an oo uu Ingiriiska kusoo qaado. Bishii August 1899kii waxay ilaaladii Ingiriisku soo sheegtay in Sayid Maxamed yimid Burco isaga oo wata ciidamo 5000 ah oo 1500 oo kamid ahi ay fardooleey yihiin, 300 oo ka mid ahina ay banaadiikh haystaan. Burco waxay ahayd meel xagga tabcooyinka dagaalka aad ugu haboon waayo biyo joogta ah bay lahayd xilliyada abaaraha ah. Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan waqtigaa wuxuu si badheedh ah ugu dhawaaqay inuu dagaal muqadas ah oo gobonimo doon ah Ingiriiska kula jirro asgartiisiina wuxuu u baxshay Daraawiish, wuxuu u faray qabaa’ilka Soomaliyeed oo dhan inay la dagaalamaan, jihaadka liddiga gaaladana ay la galaan.
Waa tuu dareersaday fircoon diracyadiiniiye
Waa tuu diyaar ugu akhriyey diinta gaalada e
Dabci beenna weeyaan waxaad nagu dayeysaane
Waa waxa dariiqii sharciga uga dilowteene
Dowgii Rasuulkiina waad daba martayseene (scw)
Nin dardaran iblayskii dafaa dow ka raaridaye
Dallacaad jacayl baad kurtiin noola dirirteene
Dubaaqiina waxa saa u galay daara buuxsade e
Dux kama heshaan Ferenji aad dul i dhigataane
Dabin buu idiin qoolayaa waydin dagayaaye
Dirhamkuu idiin qubahayaad dir u go’aysaane
Marka horre dabkuu idinka dhigi dumar sidiisiiye
Marka xigana daabaqada wuu idin dareensiine
Marka xigga dalkuu idinku odhan duunya dhaafsada e
Marka xigga dushuu idinka rari sida dameeraaye
Sidaa daraadeed, magaalada Berbera waxaa soo xaluushay akhbaar cabsi leh oo sheegaysa in ciidamada Daraawiishtu ay kusoo dhow yihiin Berbera markii ay soo galaana ay baabi’in doonaan ayna dhici doonaan maalka iyo moodka shisheeyaha magaaladana gubi doonaan. Arintaasi argagax iyo cabsi ayey ku riday Ingiriiskii iyo gadisleydii Hindida ahayd kuwaas oo xoolihoodii oo dhan, badeecad iyo qalab waxay lahaayeen ku daldashay markab magaciisa la odhan jidhay FALCON waxayna u qaxeen magaalada Cadan ee dalka Yemen. Nimankii shisheeyaha ahaa ee Soomaliya ka tagay waxay usii qadimeen saraakiishii iyo ciidamadii Cadan laga soo qaadayey khatarta sugaysa marka ay Soomaaliya cagta dhigaan. Shisheeyihii ku hadhay Berberana habayn qudha ma ladin ilaa xeebta Berbera ay soo gaadheen laba markab oo kuwa dagaalka ah oo la kala odhan jidhayMedos iyo Bahome.
September 1, 1899, Warqadan buu usoo diray Ingiriiska oo ku qorayd Afka-Carabiga. Sayidku waxa uu warqadiisa ku bilaabay sidatan:
Ka: Maxamed Cabdille Xasan
Ku: Ingiriiska
Waxaan idiin sheegayaa in aad samayseen wixii aad doonayseen, waxaa kale oo aan idiin sheegayaa in dadka idin rumaysan ay yihiin kuwa khaa’imiin ah oo diintoodii iyo dalkoodiiba caasiyey. Waa Maxamedkii aad taqaaneen oo idin warsanaya in aad hubka iska dhigtaan ood isdhiibtaan sidaa darteed baan warqadaan idiinku soo diray. Eega laba kala doorta: haddii aad dagaal doonaysaan gudooma baanu lee nahay, haddii aad nabad rabtaana baxsha qiimaheeda oo ah in aad dalka isaga tagtaan.
Qunsulkii sarre ee Ingiriisku markii uu akhristay warqadii Sayidka aad buu uga cadhooday waxaana Ingiriisku u aqoonsaday Sayidka inuu yahay nin ku shuftoobay taliskiisa, wuxuuna digniin ku bixiyey Soomaalidii taliskiisa ku hoos jirtay in ciqaab ay la kulmi doonaan haddii habayaraatee wax xidhiidh ah ay la yeeshaan ama kaalmo u fidiyaan Sayidka. Ingiriisku waxay Sayidka u baxsheen ‘Mad Mullah’ oo macnaheedu yahay wadaadkii walaa, waayo xilligaa gumaysigu wax aan miyir qabin oo biimo ah ayuu u haystay ciddii xooga Ingiriisku lee yahay isku dayda in ay is hortaagto. Taaktikada iyo tabcooyinka dagaalka ciidamadii Daraawiishta oo xambaarsan waanadii xusuusanna gabayadii guubaabada lahaa ee Sayidka naftooda bay u hureen dalkooda iyo diintooda siddii ay u daafici lahaayeen.
Ninkii bala’da lagu yeedhiyee bayraq lagu duubay
Kol hadduusan bara aamin baahi geys noqonin
Inaan boqorka loo deynahayn ba’aha yow sheega
…
Runba nimaan u baydhayn ibleys barale weeyaane
Buunshuhu bilaash iyo hadduu been ka tagi waayo
Inaan dhegaha loo balalinayn ba’aha yow sheega
..
Baalxaafka waxaa loo sitaa beer wax how dile e
Ninkii loo burhaan qabay hadduu beyda kari waayo
Birtiisu ha jabtee inaan la rabin ba’aha yow sheega
…
Bogga laga mudyoow fulaygu wuu baydadahayaaye
Goortuu bidhaan cadow arkuu balow yidhaahdaaye
Inaan mowdka laga baajinayn ba’aha yow sheega
Geesiga halkii lagu baxay baa bili ka raacdaaye
Bilaawaha kolkii uu la baxo looga kala baydhye
Isaguna buruu leeyahaye ba’aha yow sheega
Bilowgii sanadkii 1900 Ingiriisku wuxuu heshiish la galay boqorkii dalka Itoobiya Mililikh waxayna isku waafaqeen in ay wadajir Sayidka ula dagaalamaan. Waxaana bishii March 1900, kasoo ambabaxay magaalada Herar ciidamo Xabashi ah oo uu hogaaminayey sargaal Ingiriis ahi, waxayna 24 Maarso Daraawiishta iyo ciidamadii Xabashidu isku haleeleen Jigjiga halkaa oo wax la dilay iyo wax la dhaawacay laga dhigay. Hayes Sadler oo ahaa qunsulkii sarre ee Ingiriiska waxa uu u diray H. G. C. Swayne dhanbaalkan:
Isagoo fulinaya amarkaasi kasoo baxay dawladda Ingiriiska, Swayne oo ciidamo xoog badan oo Afrikan, Hunuud iyo Asian isugu jira wata baa si rasmi ah Sayidka ugu soo qaaday duulimaadkii ugu hareeyay.
Bishii November 1900, waxaa dalka Soomaaliya yimid Gaashaanle Sare Swayne si uu u hogaamiyo duulimaadkii u horeeyay ee Sayidka lagu qaadayey. Swayne kuma uu cusbayn dalka Soomaaliya ee hadda ka hor buu soo raacay walaalkii S. S. Swayne oo ahaa ninkii dalmareenka ahaa ee sahanka ku maray degmooyin badan oo ka mid ah dalka Soomaaliya, ninkaa oo ahaa kii qoray buugga la magacbaxay Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland oo macnaheedu yahay Todoba iyo Toban Socdaal ee Soomaliya Lagu Maray.
Gaashaanle Sarre Swayne waxaa loo xilsaaray inuu dhiso ciidamadii Sayidka laga horgayn lahaa wuxuuna adkeeyay heshiiskii uu Ingiriisku la lahaa Xabashida, waxayna go’aan ku gaadheen in ciidamo huwan ah ay Daraawiish ku kacaan sidaa daraadeed wuxuu Ingiriisku dalka Itoobiya u diray Gaashaanle (……………………..) oo ka tirsanaa ciidamadii la odhan jidhay Royal Guards, ninkaasi oo soo gaadhay Herer April 1901 si uu u soo qabanqaabiyo una tababaro ciidamo dhinaca galbeed ka weerara Sayidka.
Ingriisku wuxuu dagaalkaa ku waayey kumanyaal askar ah iyo saraakiil fara badan oo ay ku dhaaran jireen, waxaana ka mid ahaa Gaashaanle Phillips, Dhame J. N. Arms, Dhame C. N. S. Cord iyo kuwa fara badan oo kale. Markii uu Berbera yimid Swayne wuxuu bixiyey xogwarankan:
Waxaan aad ula amakaagay sidda ay naftooda u biimaynayaan Daraawiishtu. Marnaba u malayn maynin ilaa aan dagaal kula kulmay in khatarta Daraawiishtu heerkaa gaadhsiisan tahay. Daraawiishtu waxay u badan yihiin niman xaasaskoodii, ciddoodii, iyo maalkoodii kasoo tagay si ay u noqdaan naftood hurayaal. Waxay sitaan cimaamado iyo go’yaal bayl ah, waxayna qabaan amar ah inay dilaan Ingiriiska iyo askartiisa qiima kasta ha ugu kacdee, iyagoo rumaysan haddii la dilo iyo haddii ay wax dilaanba inay janada galayaan. Sidaa darteed, goobtii dagaalkii raggii Daraawiishta uga dhintay waxay u badnaayeen xaajiyaal iyo shuyuukh noogu soo galay dhufayskii aanu ku jirnay iyagoo leh, Allahu Akbar ama Ilaah baa weyn.
Ninka yidhi gol madhan waa miduu galay wadkiisiiye
Ingiriiska intii ay socdeen labadii duulimaad ee horre waxaa u korodhay waayo-aragnimo dheeraad ah waxayna ogaadeen xoogga Daraawiishta oo ah mid aan dhayal loo loodin karin. Ciidamadii Ingiriiska ooy kamid ahaayeen kuwii la odhan jidhay King’s African Rifles waxaa kusoo kordhay kalsooni darro iyo baqdin ay ka qaadeen Daraawiishta oo aan cadowga u turin. Si haddaba loo qabanqaabiyo loona kiciyo duulimaadkii saddexaad waxaa Soomaaliya yimid Oktober 23, 1903 dii General W. H. Manning, dawlada Ingiriiskuna waxay heshiis la yeelatay Talyaaniga oo ay isku waafaqeen in Talyaanigu geesta Bari kasoo weeraro Sayidka. Sidaa darteed laba markab oo ah kuwa dagaalka ooy Ingiriiska iyo Talyaanigu kala leeyihiin ayaa xeebaha dalka ku wareegaalaysanyey si ay u sahmiyaan meel ay asgartooda kasoo dajiyaan Sayidkana ka gaadaan.
September 16, 1903 dii waxa uu golaha wasiirada ee dowlada Talyaanigu u ogaaladay in Ingiriisku kasoo rogo ciidamo uu lee yahay magaalada Hobyo, sidaa daraadeed Ingiriisku wuxuu go’aan ku gaadhay inuu wado duulimaadkii saddexaad isagoo ciidamo xoogleh kasoo rogay Hobyo iyo Berbera si uu dhinac walba uga hareereeyo Sayidka. 1903 dagaalkii ka dhacay Gunburo Ingiriisku wuxuu u bixiyey Raqdii Gunburo sababtoo ah goobtaa waxaa ka raacday guuldaro culus.
April 1903 dii Sayidku wuxuu Ingiriiska usoo diray warqadan markii Nugaal uu u hayaamayey:
Ka: Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan
Ku: Ingiriiska
Waxaan idin leeyahay maqla hadalkayga oo tixgaliya. Waxaan doonayaa in aan dalkayga u tasho diinataydana daafaco. Hadalkayga maqla oo tixgaliya. Ma aad maqashaane dhibbaa dacalka idiin soo gaadhay. Waxay idiinku sheekeeyeen Daraawiishi waa carartay, ma ay cararinse ee waa dagaalamayaan. Waxaan u guuraynaa meeshii aan doono anagoon baqayn. Waxaan doonaynaa in aan idinla dirirno dagaalkana aad ayaan uga helaa, hase yeeshee idinku maya. Haddii Ilaahay yidhaahdo waxaan idinka furandoonaa hub fara badan. Anigu ma lihi hodannimo, ma lihi guryo, ma lihi beero, ma haysto dahab iyo dheeman midna aad iga dhacdaan. Dadkaygu wax wanaag ah idiin mahayo idinkuna uma haysaan. Aniga waxaad iigu timaadaani waa xabad iyo dagaal wax kalana iga heli maysaan. Waxaan kula kulmay raggiinii dagaal waana aan wada gowracay. Dadkii naga dhintay waxay shaqaysteen janno, Ilaah baa nala jirra haddii aad dagaal wadaan raali baanu ka nahay haddii aad nabad rabtaana ka baxa dalkanaga oo aada dalkiinii, haddii aad dagaal rabtaana sii jooga.
July 3, 1903 dii waxaa dhamaaday duulimaadkii saddexaad oo intuu socday Sayidka iyo Ingiriisku Bari iyo Waqooyiba ku dagaalameen. Waxaa Ingiriiska gaadhay jug weyn waxaana saraakiishii uga dhintay dagaalka ka mid ahaa Gashaanle Sare A. M. Ruthford, Gaashaanle Dhexe A. W. D. Francis oo hogaaminayey ciidamadii la magac baxay Regiment Manchester, Dhame S. T. Albright oo taliye ka ahaa ciidamdii loo yiqiin ……….. Regiment, Kabtan J. John Stewart oo ka tirsanaa ciidamadii loo yiqiin Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Dhame H. H. de B. Morris oo madax ka ahaa Est Kent Regiment, Dhame J.A. Gayonr, Dhame S. L. McKinnon oo madax ka ahaa North Derby Regiment ciidamo badanna xukumay. Guud ahaan, sida uu qoray Douglas Jaridine, waxay dagaalkan Daraawiishtu dhagta dhiiga u dartay sagaal (9) sargaal oo sarsare oo ciidamadii Ingiriiska hogaanka u hayey, in ka badan 187 askari, iyo in ka badan 29 askari oo dhaawac xuni soo gaadhay.
Magacyadaa aan soo xusnay waxay ka mid ahaayeen boqolaalkii saraakiil ee Daraawiishtu laysay dagaalku intuu socday.
Duulimaadkii afraad wuxuu ahaa mid ay xoog uga qeyb galeen maraakiibta dagaalku, waxaana Ingiriisku go’aan ku gaadhay in Sayidka siddii dowlad xoog badan oo kale loola isticmaalo. General LAYNE ayaa loo xilsaaray fulinta duulimaadka afraad, waxaa kale oo la shaqaynayey Sareeye Guuto Egerton iyo Sareeye Guuto Fasken. Intii uu socday dagaalkaasi waxaa Ingiriiska Sayidku gaadhsiiyey khasaarooyin xoog badan waxaana cadowga ka dhintay saraakiil badan oo ay kamid ahaa Dhame J. R. Williams, Dhame G. Ester, iyo Laba Xidigle T. H. Aurder iyo kuwa kale oo badan. Goobihii laysaga horyimid intii duulimaadyadaasi socdeen oo Daraawiishta iyo Ingiriisku isku haleeleena waxaa ka mid ahaa Beerdiga, Cagaarweyne, Daratoole, Taargooye, iyo Jidbaale.
Xornimo iyo madax banaani ganacsi la siiyo oo uu helo
Nugaal iyo Howd ay noqdaan dhul aan Sayidka lagu faragalinin
Maarso 5, 1905tii baa Sayidku heshiiskaa dhab ahaan u ogolaaday isaga oo doonayey inuu helo muddo uu isku dubarito ciidamadiisa, hubna baadigoobto, iyo in uu kasoo kabto khasaaradii ka gaadhay dagaalkii Jidbaale. Heshiiskaasi markii in yar dhaxal gal noqday, ayaa Ingiriisku wuxuu bilaabay inuu hub ka baadho doonyihii Sayidka badeecada u siday. Sayidku wuxuu Ingiriiska u soo diray warqad uu ugu sheegayo inay khilaafeen heshiiskii, markii ay baadheen doonyihiisii iyagoo ka gaashaamanayey in Sayidku hub culus lasoo dego, arintaa oo Sayid Maxamed aad iyo aad uga cadhooday, waxyeelada ka imaandoonta uu Ingiriiska yidhi idinka ayaa qaadaya. Wuxuu Sayidku warqadiisa kusoo hagaajiyey taliyihii sarre ee Ingiriiska F. C. S. Gordon, wuxuuna u sheegay in haddii la doonayo in heshiishkii Pestalozze uu hirgalo oo uu socdo inaan lasoo faragalin Sayidka badeecadiisa loona soo celiyo hubkii iyo saadkii laga dhacay.
Sayid Maxamed waxa uu si badheedh ah ugu sheegay Ingiriiska mar haddii ay jabiyeen heshiiskii isaguna in uusan maanta ka dib dhowraynin, arintaasi oo Ingiriisku u fasirtay in Sayidku soo kicin doono dagaal hor leh. Sidaa daraadeed waxaa laysku soo qaaday in la dumo duulimaad iyo col fara badan oo Sayidka laga horgeeyo. Dalka Ingiriiska 1908 baarlamaanku canaan kulul buu usoo jeediyey dawladda isagoo ku eedeeyay lacagta faraha badan ee dagaalka lagu hoobtay Ingiriisku uu ku bixinayey iyo askarta faraha badan ee ku dhimanaya. Sidaa darteed, November 30, 1908 wasiirkii isticmaarka ee Ingiriiska wuxuu u soo diray taliyihii ciidama ee ka talinayey Soomaliya warqad uu ugu sheegayo in aan Ingiriisku hadda ku talo jirin dagaal Sayidka lagu qaado.
Dawlada Ingiriisku waxay isku dayday inay Sayidka kula isticmaasho siyaasad la mid ah tii boqoradii Hindida ay kula dhaqantay oo ah inay maal badan iyo mushaaro joogta ah siiso. John Talon, Maarso 3, 1910 wuxuu baarlamaanka Ingiriiska kasoo jeediyey hindise laysku raacay oo ah in Sayidka sanadkiiba la siiyo 2,000 oo Istarliin (lacagta Ingiriiska.) Hase yeeshee Sayidku gaashaanka ayuu ku dhuftay arintaas wuxuuna u sheegay Ingiriiska inuu doonayo gobonimo, gobonimadana aan la gorgorin karin. Sayidku wuxuu hadalkii kusoo koobay diintayda iyo dalkayga gadan maayo. Wuxuu yidhi:
Nimanyahoow damiinimada waa lagu duloobaaye
Dadku wuxuu jeclaystaa waxaan duxi ka raacayne
Anaa diidaday dagal inaan la galo daalin ii col ahe
Dalka ma lihid anigaa ku idhi dooro weynaha e
Anaa diiday nabadiisa aan daacad noqonayne
Anaa diiday deeqdiisa ay naari dabataale
Anaa diiday maantuu lahaa duunya iga hooye
Markay duusho gaaladu anaan daabada u qabane
Kolka ay dareeraan anaan duud xamaal noqone
Dahabkii uuu waday waa anigii daadiyoo qubaye
Dagaalkiisa anigoow xishayoo daalib ku ahaaye
Durdurada Fardowsaad anaa doortay oo rabaye
Diinatayda anigaan ku gadan dabaqii naareede
Anigaan dariiqada Alliyo diinta caasiyine
Anaan labada daarood tan horre darajo moodaynin
Daliilkii Rasuulkii anigaa doonayoo helaye (scw)
Doofaarka eyga ah anigaan daarihiis galine
Anigaan dillaalkii arliga duubabka u xidhane
August 1913kii waxaa dhacay dagaalkii Ruuga (Dulmadoobe) oo ahaa kii lagu dilay taliyihii ciidamada Ingiriiska Richard Corfield, gaalkaasi oo Soomalidu u taqaanay Koofil ahaana ninkii Sayidku ka tiriyey gabaygii caanka ahaa, ee Adaa Koofiloow Jiitayoon. Waxaa kale oo halkaasi ku geeriyooday saraakiil badan oo Ingiriis ah oo uu ka mid ahaa Dhame J. S. Summers.
Adaa Koofiloow jiitayoon dunida joogayne
Adigaa jidkii lagugu wadi jimic la’aaneede
Jahanaba la geeyoow haddaad aakhiro u jahato
Nimankii janno u kacay war bay jirin inshaalleye
Jameecooyinkii iyo haddaad jowhartii aragto
Kuwase naarta joogiyo markaad jananadii gaadhid
Sida Eebbahay kuu jirabay mari jawaabteeda
Daraawiish jikraar nagama dayn tan iyo jeerkii dheh
Jigta weerar bay goor barqo ah nagu jifeeyeen dheh
Ingiriis jabyoo waxaa ku dhacay jac iyo baaruud dheh
Waligiisba waa lagu jabshaa jilib-dhig duulaan dheh
Haddaan lays jigraarayn tolkay laga jil roonaa dheh
Waxay noo junjuunteena waa jamasha diineed dheh
Anigana Jigreey ila heleen shalay jihaadkii dheh
Jeeniga hortiiseey rasaas igaga jiideen dheh
Jiiraayadeey ila dhaceen jilic afkoodii dheh
Jidhkaygii caddaa bay abley jagac ku siiyeen dheh
Siday kuugu jeexeen magliga jararacdii sheego
Bilaawuhu siduu kuu jarjaray jiilalkaa u muuji
Jiidaha xanuunka leh markii la igu jeeraarshay
Jibaadka iga soo baxay nafluhu jiifka qaban waa dheh
Naf-jeclaysigii baan ku idhi jaalloow iga daa dheh
Jimic kagama helin tuugmadaan jiriyey ruuxii dheh
Goortaan jarreerana galoo nolol ka jaan qaaday
Wax badan baan janaacaye dhagbaan jalaq la ii siin dheh
Juuqdii aan la yeedhaba afkay iga jifeeyeen dheh
Jaljaleecadii baa wadnuhu jeex isoo ruqay dheh
Jeedaaladii bay indhuhu kor u jilaabmeen dheh
Markay rubbadu jaw tidhi or bay iga dul jiibsheen dheh
Daraawiishna waa jibindhowgiyo jowga soo bixi dheh
Waxaa xusid mudan in ninkan ay Soomaalida badankeedu u taqaano Koofil uusan kaliya ahayn nin neceb kana soo horjeeda halganka gobonimo doonka ah ee Sayidka iyo Daraawiishtiisa ee uu ahaa nin jinsiga Soomaaliga ah siddiisa u neceb. Wuxuu in badan ciidamo ku bixiyey oo uu soo mooroduugay shacab Soomaaliyeed oo wax ay u dhimeen iyo wax ay u geysteen Ingiriiska uusan jirin. Shacabkaas oo badankiisu ahaa kii ku hoosnoolaa ximaayada Ingiriiska. Mar uu ku duulay reer guuraa meel deganaa kana soo dhacay waxay mood iyo nool haysteen waa kuu Ina-Weysaxume tixda ku mariyey:
Sayidkoo wax galay raacdadoo la isku soo gaadhay
Adigiyo gubniga aad wadataa goobataal noqoye
Girligaanku kaa joogsayoo guuxa kaa damiye
Ku googooste nimankii kufriga gaajada u qabaye
Afku gow’ ku yidhi xaajadaad gees u badisaaye
Guga ha gaadhin adigaa tolkey gaajadaa badaye**
Ingiriiska waxaa u muuqatay dagaal badheedh ah in aan waxba Sayidka lagaga qaadaynin haddii aan la badalin tabcada lagu socdo. November 1918kii gudi uu madax ka yahay General Hopkins oo loo xilsaaray inay darsaan xaallada Daraawiishta talooyin dagaaleedna ay Ingiriiska siiyaan ayaa yimid dalka Soomaaliya. October 1919kii baarlamaanka Ingiriisku wuxuu go’aan ku gaadhay inay Sayidka siddii dawlad xoog leh oo kale ula dagaalamaan, ayna duulimaadka ka qeyb galaan ciidmada dhulka, cirka iyo badduba.
Ingiriisku wuxuu ugu dambayntii go’aan ku gaadhay inuu Sayidka u diro ergo ka kooban maashaa’ikhdii Goboladda Waqooyi oo kala ahaa:
Sheekh Ismaaciil Sheekh Isxaaq madaxii dariiqada Saalixiyada, Skeekh Cabdullahi Sheekh Madar madaxii dariiqada Qaadiriyada, Sheekh Maxamed Xuseen iyo cuqaal fara badan ooy ka mid yihiin Caaqil Cali Aadan, Caaqil Jaamac Madar, Caaqil Ibraahim Warsame, Caaqil Xirsi Xuseen, Caaqil Xaaji Cabdullahi Jaamac, iyo Caaqil Cali Guuleed. Ergadaa ka koobnayd maashaa’ikhdii dariiqada iyo todobada Caaqil waxaa loo diray ergo ahaan Sayidka waxayna wadeen warqad Ingiriisku ku warsanayey Sayidka inuu ergadaas soo raaco. Ergadii waxay ka baxday Burco April 9, 1920kii iyadooy hogaaminayeen labadii nin ee warqada jawaabta ah Sayidka ka keentay, Xaaji Cismaan iyo Sheekh Cali.
16 casho oo socod ah ka dib, April 25, waxay soo gaadheen Qoraxay oo xarunta Sayidku u jirtay 40 mile. Sayidku ergadii waxa uu amar ku siiyey inay Ingiriiska ku noqdaan una sheegaan inaan Sayidku marnaba isdhiibaynin. November 23, 1920kii ayuu Sayid Maxamed, naxariistii janno Allaha siiyee, si caadi ah ugu geeriyooday Iimeey isagoo gacanta ku haya gamaskii xornimada iyo gobonimada.
Markuu geeriyooday Sayid Maxamed gumaystuhu wuxuu isku dayey inuu daboolo halgankii uu soo galay iyo ujeedooyinkii uu lahaa ee uu u dagaalamayey in ka badan 21 sanno. Waxa uu Sayidku mutaystay in lagu qorro magaciisa iyo taariikhdiisaba baal dahab ah waayo waxa uu u diiday gumaysiga inuu ku lado dalka Soomaaliyeed.
Inuu gaalku dili oo khatali dayiba maayaane
Dafiraadu waa xeel runbaa lagu dabuubaaye
Dilaal waxaad cunaysaan intaan dunida joogaaye
Hadalkaa dilaacshaye miyaan deelka ka habowshay
Wax ma dadine macnihiina sow idin ma deqsiinin
Nimanyahoow dantey baan hadlaye iga daliil qaata
Dacwadayda meeshaan u dhigo fiiro dib u yeesha
Waxna loogu digiyaa ninkii dawladnimo haysta
Waxna loo danleeyahay ninkii diinta Nabi raacay (csw)
Nin rag ah bay dardaaran u tahee doqonse waa mooge
Afartaa intaan dow ku xidhay deel ma qabadsiiyey
Deelqaafku waa ba’an yahaye daacad ma u sheegay
Dacwad kalana Soomaali waa mid aan dareensiiyey
…
Taariikhdii koobnayd ee Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan iyo halgankii muqadaska ahaa ee uu kula jiray gumaysiga waxaan kusoo af-jaraynaa tuducyo kooban oo ka mid ahaa gabaygii caanka ahaa ee Sayidku mariyey dabayaaqadii noloshiisa ee la odhan jiray Dardaaran:
…
Doodna waxaan u leeyahay dadkeer hadalka deyn waayey
Waxaan ka qorray barnaamij laga soo daayey Idaacadii Muqdisho, buuggii Aw-Jaamac Cumar Ciise,Early Days in Somaliland and Other Tales by H. G. C. Swayne, iyo The Warrior Mullah by Ray Beachey meelaha qaarkood ayaan ka saxnay. Magacyada qaarbaan wali saxnayn qaarna waaba maqan yihiin. Sixidooda iyo helidoodu waa howl inoo wada taala. Mahadsanid
Ummad walba oo dunida ku nool waxay leedahay taariikh soo jireen ah taas oo ay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashoodii hortood dunida kusoo noolaa isla markaana waxay ummaduhu taariikhahoodii hore kaga qiyaas qaataan Mustaqbalka dambe ee ay ummad higsanayso iyo halka ay xaaladeedu ku dambeyn doonto, waa hadii ay si sax ah u aqriyaan una hirgeliyaane.
Marka ummadu ay taariikhdeeda dib u raacdo waxay kala ogaanaysaa cadawgeeda iyo saaxiibkeeda, midkii u darnaa iyo midkii u roonaa, midkii khaa’inka ahaa iyo midkii halyeeyga ahaa, sidaas daraadeed hadii ummadu ay taariikhdeeda si dhab ah u daraasayso una dhaqan geliso, way adagtahay in ummadaas uu ku dhoco jaha-wareer, sidaas daraadeed ayay Cadawgu mar walba waxay dadaal dheeri ah ku bixiyaan in ummada Islaamka ah ay Taariikhdooda si khaldan ugu soo weriyaan kadib markii Muslimiintu ay ka seexdeen in ay iyagu taariikhdooda qortaan gacmo aamin ahna ku ilaashadaan.
Marka aad aqriso buugaagta ay Gaalada reer galbeedka ah ka qoreen Taariikhda Islaamka waxaad ku arkaysaa been abuur fara badan iyo Fasiraado khaldan oo ay ka bixinayaan dhacdooyinka qaarkood oo ay Muslimiintu ku lug lahaayeen, Waxaad arkaysaa in Dagaallada qaar dhexmaray Muslimiinta iyo Saliibiyiinta oo ay Muslimiintu ku guuleysteen ay ku sheegayaan in Muslimiinta lagu jebiyay, ama hadii ay qirtaan in Muslimiintu ay ku guuleysteen ay u sababaynayaan in Muslimiintu ay meel kale oo ay u ciirsadaan waayeen sidaas daraadeedna ay ciddiyaha ku dirireen ilaa ay guul aysan astaahilin gaareen.
Waqtiga hada la joogo waxaa la dhihi karaa waa waqtigii ugu darnaa oo ay Gaaladu sida xoogga badan ugu dadaashay in Taariikhda Muslimiinta la dooriyo, Dadka Muslimiinta ahna laga dhigo kuwo dhegahoodu ay u duleelaan waxa kasoo yeeraya Warbaahinta Gaaladu ay leedahay , Iyadoo inta badan la adeegsanayo dad muuqaalka iyo magaca Muslimiinta uga eg balse waxa ay ku hadaaqayaan ay tahay wixii ay gaaladu soo meerisay oo la rabo in Muslimiinta lagu daroogeeyo.
Tusaale yar hadii aan soo qaadano: Dadka Soomaaliyeed waa dad Muslimiin ah oo leh taariikh aad u dheer, Waxaa ay Soomaalidu leedahay Cadaw soo jireen ah kaas oo muddo qarniyo ah ay Jihaad ah kula soo jirtay, waxaana dadka Soomaalida ah iyo Cadawgaas soo dhex maray Dagaallo taariikhda galay oo dad badan oo Muslimiin Soomaali ah ay ku shahiideen, Sidoo kalena Gaalo aad iyo aad u fara badan ay ku halaagsameen.
Cadawga Ummada Soomaaliyeed waxaa ugu horeeya oo ugu Caansan Cadawga Itoobiyaanka ah ee isagu hogaanka u haya Saliibiyada Bariga Afrika, Halka ay Soomaaliduna hogaanka u haysay Muslimiinta Bariga Afrika, Waxaana labadaas qowmiyadood mar walba dhex yaallay Cadaawad aad u qotodheer oo qolo walba ay ugu ciil qabto qolada kale ayna la gaadayso mar uun inay cagta hoosteeda geliso.
Iyadoo ay Xaaladu sidaas tahay, ayaa waxaa mudooyinkii dambe si xowli ah usoo shaac baxay dad Soomaali ah oo sheegaya in Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya ay yihiin dad walaalo ah oo Taariikh iyo dhaqan wanaagsan usoo dhaxayn jiray, Isla markaana Itoobiya ay weligeed ka shaqayn jirtay wanaaga iyo horumarka Soomaaliya, Hadana ay diyaar u tahay in ay Soomaaliya ka caawiso sidii ay Dowlad u dhisan lahayd.
Dadka hadalladaas ku hadaaqaya ee Soomaalinimada sheeganaya waxaa la dhihi karaa waxay meesha ka saareen wixii ay Taariikh Soomaalidu lahayd, waxay waxba kama jiraan kasoo qaadeen Dhiigii faraha badnaa ee ay Muslimiinta Soomaaliyeed qarniyada badan usoo daadinayeen si ay Saliibiyada Itoobiya iskaga difaaci lahaayeen, Waxaa ay meesha ka saarayaan Aayado fara badan oo Qur’aan ah iyo Axaadiith Saxiix ah oo uu Allaah Subxaanahu watacaalaa iyo Rasuulkiisa Maxammad Salallaahu Calayhi Wasalam ay noogu sheegeen in Gaaladu aysan marnaba wanaag iyo Fiicnaan la dooneynin dadka Muslimiinta ah.
Ma ahan Itoobiya oo kaliya, Wadamada ay ka midka yihiin Ingiriiska, Talyaaniga, Faransiiska, Bortaqiiska, iwm. Dhamaantood waa wadamo Baal madoow uga jira Taariikhda dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Muslimiinta ah, Balse maalmahan dambe taariikhdaas oo dhan waa la badalay, Cadawgiina waxaa loo ekeysiinayaa inuu yahay Saaxiib soo jireen ah waligiisna ka shaqayn jiray horumarka Soomaalida, Ogoowna dadka waxaas u ololeynaya waxaa ka mid ah qaar Culimo ah oo Diinta Islaamka aqoon fiican u leh Colaadda iyo heerarkii ay soo martayna si wanaagsan uga dhregsan balse iyagu qorshayaasha Cadawga hirgelintooda hunguri ama magac ka raadinaya.
Waxaa maalmahan caado iska noqotay in Madaxda Soomaalidu ay iskaga daba laalaabayanaan Caasimadaha ay ka midka yihiin, Addis Ababa, London, Washington iwm, Madaxdaas marka ay halkaas tagaan hadalka ugu horeeya ee ay leeyihiin waa in ay maanta Soomaalida u tahay maalin weyn oo taariikhi ah, halkana in loo yimid sidii horumar iyo baraare ay dadka Soomaaliyeed u gaari lahaayeen, Waxaa intaas kadib xigaya Qaar aad u malaynayso in ay sii diyaarsanaayeen oo durbadiiba soo fariisanaya warbaahinta qaybaheeda kala duwan kuwaas oo sharaxaad iyo xayeesiin u samaynaya Booqashadaas ay Madaxdu halkaas ku tagtay, ugu dambentiina warkooda kusoo gabagabaynaya in dadka Soomaaliyeed ay Fursadaas ka faa’iideystaan oo ay Gaaladaas laabta u furaan, wixii hore loosoo marayna la iska iloobo!.
Xaqiiqadu waxay tahay in Qofkii aanan taariikhdiisii hore aqoonin uusan Mustaqbalkiisana aqoonin, Bulshadii Taariikhdeeda iska tuurtana waa bulsho Mustqabalkeedii iska tuurtay, mana laga yaabo in ay hore u socoto ee weligeed waxay ahaanaysaa mid Cadawgeedu uu hadba shaar hor leh inta usoo gashto uu wuxuu doono ka samaysto, Marka waxaa la gudboon Dadka Soomaaliyeed in ay bal Taariikhdooda dib ugu laabtaan, Dadkii aanan xilligii Axmed Gureey Saaxiib nala ahayn oo Diin nagula dagaalamayay macquul ma aha inay maanta Saaxiib nala noqdaan –Hadii aysan Diinteena Qaadanin-, Dadkii Sayid Maxammad Cabdulle Xasan Diyaaradaha kusoo weeraray ee Xaruntii Taleex dhulka la simay Macquul ma aha in ay Maanta Danaheena ka shaqaynayaan, Sidaas daraadeed Soomaalidu waa in ay dib u fekertaa, Waana in ay kala garataa Cadawgeeda iyo Saaxiibkeeda oo aysan ku Saamoobin suntan iyo waabaayada ay buufinayaan Warbaahinta Gaalada ee la doonayo in Maskaxdeena lagu badalo nalaguna maamulo.
Waxaa taas ka Qosal badnayd, Sheekh Maxamed Umal oo Amniyaadka Soomaali Galbeed loo magacaabay markii uu 6 Bilood hayeyna yiri war iga qabsada, Wadaadku hadda sida Sheekh C/qani sheegay wuxuu ku waashay Talada waxba la iska siin maayo, Talada Dad ayaa marooqsaday, soo Sheekh Umal kama cararayo haddii howshaas loo dhiibo, sidoo kale howsha Amiirnimada ma ahan Arin fudud Diyaarad ayaa lagugu dilayaa Wadaaddada Ictisaamka ma doonayaan in ay Shahiidaan oo Diyaaradaha wax Qarxiya laftigooda ayey rabaan in ay raacaan.
Sida aad Qariirada ku Arkaysaan inta dhexda ah waa Dhulka Itoobiya xoogga nooga haysato, haddii Kenya lagu daro Dhulka ay naga haystaan waxaa Soomaaliya kamid noqon lahayd Qaaradaha Afrika ugu waa weyn, laakiin nasiib daro intii ka hartay ayaa hadda gaaladu tartan ugu jirtaa.
Sida aan Wada Ognahay Soomaaligalbeed (Ogadenia) Waa dal Gumaysi Kujira oo Gumaystihii reer Yurub ee Kala qayb qaybiyay Soomaaliya uu Kuwareejiyay Ethiopia Sanadkii 1948 ilaa Wakhtigaa Laga soo bilaabo Wuxuu Kujiraa Dalkaasi Gacanta xabashida Shacabka Halkaa Kudhaqani Wuxuu Ilaa Xiligaa Kujiraa Kacdoon uu Kudiidan Yahay Gumaystahan Africanka ah Iyadoo Shacabkaa ay Kolba Kadhex Dhalanaysay Jabhad Hogaamisa Kacdoonkaa Shacabka Waxaana Wada Xasuusanaa Inay uso Nafwaayeen Kumanyaal WSLF Kadib Markii ay WSLF Hagaastay Siyaasadii Jamhuuriyadii Soomaaliya oo aan isu Dheelitirnayn awgeed Waxaa halgankii Dib unooleeyay Raadkii WSLF Jabhada Wadaniga Xoraynta Ogaadeenya (ONLF) Jabhadan oo ay Aaas aasaaseen Madaxdii WSLF ee Kasoo Jeeday Soomaali Galbeed(ogadenia)iyaga oo saxay Khadkii Siyaasiga ahaa Maadaama ay Waayo Aragnimo Kadhaxleen Wixii Burburiyay Jabhadii ay Madaxdeeda kamidka ahaayeen ee WSLF.
Hadaba Markii uu Dhacay Xukunkii Mingesto Hayle mariam 1991 Tegreega oo ahaa jabhadii Kuguulaysatay Adis ababa Qabashadeeda Waxay Jabhadihii kale ugu Baaqday in lasamaysto Axdi(jaartar) kumeel Gaadh ah Waxaana Halkaa isugu Yimaaday Jabhado Badan oo ay ugu Xoogbadan tahay jabhada Eritrea Waxaana Lasamaystay Axdi(Jaartar) Kumeel Gaadh ah oo Sadex sano ku eg Waxaana Lagu Qeexay Jaartarkaa Dalka in Nidaam Federaal ak Lagadhigo Qowmiyad kastana Sadex sano Markay Joogto Hadii ay u aragto ethiopi inayna Lanoolaan karin Baarlamaanka Qowmiyadaasi Waa in Cod laga Qaado oo haday ucodeeyaan Xubnaha Baarlamaan kaasi Sadex meelood Laba kamid ah in afti lagaqaado Shacabka ay matalayaan in Qawmiyadaas Shacabkeeda afti Lagaqaadi oo Shacabkaasi uu isaga aayihiisa gacanta ugu Jiro.
Hadaba Ururka ONLF Waxba Muuna Kahor imaanin arintaa isaga oo u arkayay inaytahay arintaasi Xal Lagu Soo afjari Karo Mushkiladan Gumaysi ee Mudada Dheer Ku habsatay Shacabka Soomaaliyeed.
Goobaha Latusay Jawaari Waxaa kamid ah Jaamacada Jigjiga oo loogu oo loosameeyay in loo adeegsado Borabagaandada Xogta umada Soomaaliyeed ay kahayso jaamacadaas Maxay tahay hadaba? Dafcadii ugu horaysay ee Kaqalin Jabisa Jaamacada Waxaa War Kasoo diyaariyay Wariye kamid ah BBc-da oo markaa Socdaal kujoogay Jigjiga Wuxuuna yidhi (Jaamacada Jigjiga Waxaa kaqalin jabiyay dadgaadhaya 1000 qof, 900 oo kamid ah dadkaasi Waa itoobiyada kale Sida axmaaro oromo iwm 100 kaliya ayaa Soomaali ka ah Waxayna isugu Jiraan Soomaaliland, buntland, iyo Soomalida degaanka) hadana dadka dhigta Jaamacadaa Tirada itoobiyaanku intaa way si kordhaysaa halka soomaalida aad loogu daadiyo schoolka si aynaba Ugalin Jaamacada.
Jaamacada noocaas ah inta uu booqanayo Prof Jawari Muu Booqdo Jeelasha Buuxdhaafay ee lagu Ciqaabo dadka oo uu kamidka hayay Jeelka Wayneen ee ay kumagacaabaa jeelka dhexe ama Jeel Ogaden ee ay kujiraan 20000 oo aan waxba galabsanin maalin kastana Qaar kamid ah lagu uus xabaalo halkaa?!!!.
Waa gabay aad u qiimo badan oo markastana la socda xaalad walba oo Somali ku sugan tahay, gaar ahaan waqtiga hada la joogo oo Somali ay haysato dhibaato aan lagu soo koobi karin qoraalo ama gabayo!
SHIRKI ayaa la yiraahdaa waa is xusuusin la is xusuusinayo aakhirada iyo maalinta qiyaamaha xaalku sida oo noqon doono,ILAAHOW NA MOOTI.
Fadlan u duceeya Abwaanka hadii aad dhagaysato gabayga oo ah dhaxal Abwaan Abshir Bacadle,Raxiimulaah u dhaafay ummada Somaliyeed,hadii aad awood SHARE-gareey ama gaarsii dadka kale.
Wadan walba waxa uu leeyahay taariikh u gaar uuna ku faano, hadaba dalkeena Soomaaliya waxa uu leeyahay taariikh dhinac walba leh, waxaana ka mid ah dagaaladii lala galay Gumeystiyaashii talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska.
News From Somalia 